SpringMVC的启动流程
SpringMVC的启动是建立在Servlet容器之上的,所有web工程的初始位置就是web.xml,它配置了servlet的上下文(context)、过滤器(Filter)和监听器(Listener)。Spring的启动流程其实就是Ioc容器的启动过程。一个WEB项目在Servlet容器中启动的时候会根据web.xml的配置执行对应的方法,因此Spring的启动流程可以选择配置在web.xml的Servlet或者Filter或者Listener上。不管是以何种方式启动容器,过程一般就是三步:
创建一个WebApplicationContext
配置并刷新Bean
将容器初始化到Servlet上下文中
使用Servlet控制容器的初始化
SpringMVC提供了DispatcherServlet来在容器启动的时候对Spring进行初始化,
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<!-- 表示启动容器时初始化此Servelt,调用init方法 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!-- 需要和上面的servlet-name保持一致 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!-- url的匹配规则,/ 就是匹配所有 -->
</servlet-mapping>
因为配置了 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
,所以在容器启动的时候会调用Servlet的init方法,追踪代码,可以看到是在DispatcherServlet的父类的父类HttpServletBean中实现了init方法。在init方法里对Spring容器进行了初始化操作。
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
// Set bean properties from init parameters.
PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
try {
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
initServletBean();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
}
}
使用Listener进行初始化
在web.xml中配置Listener来进行容器的初始化。
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener的contextInitialized方法,所以在容器启动的时候会调用此方法,在此方法里面实现Spring容器的初始化。在contextInitialized中,通过调用父类(ContextLoader)的initWebApplicationContext方法进行容器创建:
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
下面来看initWebApplicationContext的代码:
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
//1:判断当前容器是否存在,如果存在则报容器已经存在的异常信息
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
//下面这个日志就是我们经常在启动Spring项目时看到的日志信息:
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
//如果当前容器为null,则创建一个容器,并将servletContext上下文作为参数传递进去,
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
//判断当前容器是否为可配置的,只有是Configurable的容器,才能进行后续的配置
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
//三步走中的第二步:配置并且刷新当前容器
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
//将配置并且刷新过的容器存入servlet上下文中,并以WebApplicationContext的类名作为key值
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
//返回创建好的容器
return this.context;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
throw err;
}
}
下面我们在看下createWebApplicationContext方法是如何创建WebApplicationContext的
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
//首先来确定context是由什么类定义的,并且判断当前容器是否为可配置的
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
}
//创建可配置的上下文容器
return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
最后来看下determineContextClass这个方法:
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
//首先从web.xml中查看用户是否自己定义了context
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
//如果有,则通过反射创建实例
if (contextClassName != null) {
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
/*如果没有,则去defaultStrategies里面取【defaultStrategies是Propertites类的/对象,在ContextLoader中的静态代码块中初始化的;默认容器是XmlWebApplicationContext*/
else {
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
}
参考:
https://juejin.im/post/59a286866fb9a0249d616fbb
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